Differentiation strategies and the arts - some general principles

The teaching of the arts is as concerned with processes and skills as with outcomes. Therefore, the dominant teaching methodology that is utilised usually involves all pupils in one set task, with differentiation being by outcome. In the majority of projects this is appropriate. However, there will be some occasions when this strategy is unsuitable for all pupils and when teaching targeting the specific needs of talented pupils is desirable in order to provide a particular challenge for them - differentiation by task rather than by outcome.

In planning, the teacher should consider the learning objectives of the activity, and decide whether differentiation by outcome or task is the most useful and appropriate approach. Many activities in arts education have not required specific differentiation for the talented as the subjects and strategies for teaching are often considered to provide substantial scope for such pupils to develop and extend their knowledge, skills and understanding.

One significant effect is that pupils are less aware of the practice of differentiation in the arts than in other subjects and, therefore, a sensitive approach is essential. Teachers will wish to ensure that they continue to encourage all pupils and do not discourage the average pupil by offering additional activities that might be perceived as more 'interesting', to the more able in the class. It may even be that in offering such differentiated activities, other above average ability pupils are challenged to 'have- a-go' as well. This would be regarded by the sensitive teacher as offering the welcome additional benefit of addressing the needs of the talented.

Strategies that can be utilised to cater for pupils of talent will vary according to the nature of the arts discipline, because, whilst all art forms have a generic concern with personal expression, there are important differences between them that affect the way in which teaching is planned. Subsequent chapters will therefore provide guidance in differentiation in each separate art form.